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Gabrielle Howard
Gabrielle Louise Caroline Howard (née Matthaei; 3 October 1876 – 18 August 1930), usually cited as G. L. C. Matthaei, was a British plant physiologist and economic botanist who advocated organic farming.
== Education and photosynthesis experiments ==
Matthaei was born in Kensington in a family of German, Swiss and French ancestry. She was the daughter of the commission merchant Carl Hermann Ernst Matthaei and the musician Louise Henriette Elizabeth Sueur, and had a brother and three younger sisters, including Louise Howard. Matthaei attended North London Collegiate School for Girls and Newnham College, Cambridge, and later worked as assistant to Frederick Blackman, producing significant work on cellular respiration. Between 1902 and 1905, Blackman and Matthaei set out to discover the role of temperature in photosynthesis and performed the first such experiments, finding that carbon fixation is based on biochemical reactions which depend on temperature. Although the experiment is inaccurately known as the Blackman Reaction, a significant part of the work was carried out by Matthaei and the 1904 paper communicated to the Royal Society by Francis Darwin bears only her name.
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